The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck twice late to take a surprise advantage. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing penalty victory.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.